What Is the Brinell, Rockwell & Vickers Hardness Converter?
Hardness conversion correlates indentation test measurements across different indenter geometries, test loads, and optical scales.
How Does the Brinell, Rockwell & Vickers Hardness Converter Work?
Rockwell measures net indentation depth under major/minor preloads; Brinell measures the diameter of an impression left by a spherical tungsten carbide ball; Vickers measures a diamond pyramid impression.
Brinell, Rockwell & Vickers Hardness Converter Formula & Variables
The core mathematical equation utilized by this calculator is expressed as:
\text{UTS} \approx 3.45 \cdot \text{HBW} \text{ (MPa)}, \quad \text{UTS}_{\text{ksi}} \approx 0.5 \cdot \text{HBW}
Empirical cross-conversion based on ASTM E140 standard tables correlating indentation depth with tensile strength.
How to Use the Brinell, Rockwell & Vickers Hardness Converter
- Enter the numerical hardness reading.
- Select the corresponding test scale (HRC, HBW, HRB, HV).
Step-by-Step Example Calculation
Hardened Tool Steel 45 HRC
Input Values:
inputValue:45.0
inputScale:HRC
Worked Steps: A hardened steel shaft at 45.0 HRC converts to 421 HBW, 434 HV, and has an estimated ultimate tensile strength of 1452 MPa (211 ksi).
Understanding Your Result
Equivalent Scales: Brinell, Rockwell C/B, and Vickers values.
Tensile Strength: Estimated ultimate tensile strength in MPa and ksi.
Factors That Affect the Result
- Material grain size, cold work, heat treatment microstructure, and surface decarburization.
When Should You Use This Calculator?
- Quality control inspection, heat treatment certification, machining tool selection, and structural failure analysis.
Assumptions & Limitations
- Conversions apply to wrought non-austenitic steels; cast iron and non-ferrous alloys require distinct conversion curves.
Frequently Asked Questions
Calculation Accuracy & Reference Note
Standard ASTM E140 / ISO 18265 empirical conversion.