What Is the Hohmann Transfer Orbit Delta-V Calculator?
A Hohmann transfer connects two circular orbits using an elliptical transfer orbit whose periapsis is at r1 and apoapsis is at r2.
The maneuver requires two impulsive burns: one to enter the transfer ellipse and a second to recircularize at destination.
How Does the Hohmann Transfer Orbit Delta-V Calculator Work?
Applying ΔV1 raises apoapsis to the target radius r2.
Half an orbital period later, the spacecraft arrives at apoapsis, where applying ΔV2 raises periapsis to circularize.
Hohmann Transfer Orbit Delta-V Calculator Formula & Variables
The core mathematical equation utilized by this calculator is expressed as:
Vis-viva orbital energy equation applied to periapsis and apoapsis impulse burns.
How to Use the Hohmann Transfer Orbit Delta-V Calculator
- Input initial and target orbital radii in km, and central body gravitational parameter μ.
- Review total ΔV in km/s and m/s, individual burn sizes, and transfer time of flight.
Step-by-Step Example Calculation
LEO to Geostationary Transfer (GTO)
Input Values:
Understanding Your Result
Total ΔV dictates the required rocket propellant mass ratio according to Tsiolkovsky’s rocket equation.
Factors That Affect the Result
- For radius ratios r2/r1 > 11.94, a three-impulse bi-elliptic transfer can theoretically require slightly less ΔV than a Hohmann transfer.
When Should You Use This Calculator?
- Geostationary satellite launches, lunar transfer orbit sizing, and interplanetary interplanetary mission planning.
Assumptions & Limitations
- Assumes two-body Keplerian mechanics with instantaneous impulsive velocity increments.
Frequently Asked Questions
Calculation Accuracy & Reference Note
Standard astrodynamics Vis-Viva orbital formulation.