What Is the Variance Calculator (Sample & Population)?
Variance measures how far numbers in a dataset are spread out from their average value.
How Does the Variance Calculator (Sample & Population) Work?
Each value is subtracted from the mean, squared, and the sum is divided by n-1 (sample) or n (population).
Variance Calculator (Sample & Population) Formula & Variables
The core mathematical equation utilized by this calculator is expressed as:
Sample variance divides sum of squared deviations by n−1; population variance divides by n.
How to Use the Variance Calculator (Sample & Population)
- Enter numbers separated by commas, choose sample or population, and see the variance result.
Step-by-Step Example Calculation
Variance of 2,4,4,4,5,5,7,9
Input Values:
numbers:2,4,4,4,5,5,7,9
type:sample
Worked Steps: Sample variance is 4.0.
Understanding Your Result
Because it squares deviations, variance is in squared units of the original measurement.
Factors That Affect the Result
- Outliers have a large impact because differences are squared.
When Should You Use This Calculator?
- Risk analysis, ANOVA testing, process engineering, data modeling.
Assumptions & Limitations
- Units of variance are squared units; standard deviation gives the same scale as the data.
Frequently Asked Questions
Calculation Accuracy & Reference Note
Numerically stable two-pass algorithm.